Tardive dyskinesia – Causes, symptoms, and management
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Tardive dyskinesia – Causes, symptoms, and management

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary and repetitive movements of various body parts, most commonly the face, neck, and trunk. These abnormal movements often occur as a side effect of certain treatments. Other factors can contribute to its development as well. It has a multitude of causative factors. Understanding these causes is vital for healthcare providers and individuals alike, ultimately aiming to mitigate the impact of this challenging neurological disorder. Treatment-induced tardive dyskinesia The primary and most widely acknowledged cause of tardive dyskinesia is the prolonged use of certain treatment options. These treatments are typically prescribed to manage psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. Unfortunately, while they can be effective in treating these conditions, long-term use can lead to the development of TD. Other risk factors While treatment use is the dominant cause, several additional risk factors can contribute to an individual’s susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia: Age:  Older adults are at a higher risk of developing TD. This may be due to age-related changes in brain structure and function, making them more vulnerable to treatment effects. Genetics:  Genetic factors can influence an individual’s likelihood of developing TD. Some people may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more susceptible when exposed to triggering treatment options.
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