Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. When dealing with the condition, understanding how to handle and reduce the severity of a seizure is important. Following the appropriate steps can help ensure the safety and well-being of those experiencing seizures. By remaining calm, providing support, and creating a secure environment, one can effectively respond to the episode and minimize risks. Here is everything one should know about managing epilepsy—from nutrition to care:

What is epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a disorder caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which leads to temporary disruptions in normal brain function. These disruptions can manifest as seizures, which vary in severity and duration. The severity of the effects can range from momentary lapses in awareness to convulsions and loss of consciousness. The exact cause of epilepsy is not yet known, but it can result from various factors, including genetic predisposition, brain injuries, infections, tumors, or developmental disorders. Epilepsy can affect people of all ages, although it usually develops in children and older adults.

The diagnosis of epilepsy is typically made after one has experienced at least two unprovoked seizures. Treatment options for the condition include prescriptions, lifestyle modifications, and in some cases, surgery. With proper management and care, people with epilepsy can lead fulfilling lives and effectively control their seizures.

Foods to avoid
While the primary treatment for epilepsy involves prescriptions and other therapeutic interventions, one may find that certain foods can trigger or worsen seizure activity. Here are five foods that have been associated with triggering or worsening symptoms:

High-GI foods
White bread, white rice, sugary snacks, and sweetened beverages have a high glycemic index (GI), i.e., they can quickly spike blood sugar levels. This spike in blood glucose can disrupt brain activity and even trigger seizures. For those with epilepsy, choosing low-GI foods, like whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins, may help reduce the risk of seizures.

Artificial sweeteners
Some people with epilepsy have observed that aspartame and saccharin—artificial sweeteners—can cause seizures. These sweeteners are frequently added to low-calorie foods and beverages, sugar-free chocolates, and drinks. It is best to read nutrition labels carefully, avoid foods with such additives, and use natural sweeteners like honey or maple syrup.

Foods with MSG
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer found in fast, processed, and Chinese food. Despite the lack of solid evidence, some people with the condition claim there is a link between foods rich in MSG and an increased risk of seizures. Excessive MSG is believed to make brain cells become overexcited and cause seizures in those prone to them. So, one should maintain a food journal and monitor any changes in seizure activity after eating foods containing MSG to see if such items should be avoided.

Packaged foods
Store-bought packaged foods are well-known triggers, as they contain high amounts of preservatives to extend the shelf life of the product. Excessive intake of preservatives can brain function and reduce the seizure threshold. To lower the risk of seizures, one should avoid packaged food containing such additives.

Caffeine
Caffeine is a stimulant found in various foods and beverages, such as coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolate. For those with epilepsy, excessive intake of caffeine may trigger seizures. Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and can increase excitability in the brain. Those with epilepsy should monitor their caffeine intake and consult a healthcare provider regarding its potential impact on their condition.

It is important to remember that these trigger foods may affect people differently, so one should identify triggers through careful observation and, if necessary, with the guidance of a healthcare professional or registered nutritionist. Maintaining a balanced diet, staying well-hydrated, and managing stress levels are also important steps toward managing epilepsy and reducing the risk of seizures.

What to do when someone is dealing with epilepsy?
When someone experiences a seizure, they may need immediate support. Here are some general guidelines regarding how to handle a seizure:

1. Stay calm and offer reassurance: One should always stay calm and ensure the surroundings are safe by removing any potentially dangerous objects. It is important to offer comfort. 
2. Mark the time : One should record the time the seizure began and ended, as this can help doctors understand the condition better. Most episodes last a few minutes.
3. Ensure safety : Roll the person experiencing a seizure onto their side and gently support their head with a soft object. By adopting this posture, one can help the person avoid choking on saliva or vomit.
4. Don’t hold them down or confine them: One should let the seizure continue. Any attempts to limit the motion can increase the risk of hurting them.
5. Do not place anything in their mouths : Contrary to common belief, nothing must be placed between the teeth, as this could cause injury.
6. Offer comfort : As soon as the seizure ends, one should help the person get comfortable. If they seem lost or uncertain, one should talk softly and offer mild direction.
7. Seek medical help if needed : One should call emergency services for additional support if one is unsure what to do, if the episode lasts longer than usual, or if the person is hurt or in distress.

One should consult a healthcare professional if they experience a seizure or are offering care to someone who is dealing with epilepsy. Doctors can provide guidance and help develop a personalized seizure management plan. Understanding how to handle a seizure can make a significant difference in providing appropriate support and minimizing potential risks. Staying calm, ensuring the person’s safety, and making the person feel comfortable are key steps to remember. One can reduce the risk of injury if someone they know is experiencing a seizure by creating a safe environment, removing potential hazards, and cushioning their head. It is equally important to time the seizure and seek medical assistance when required.